Victor Murakhovski
NEW armored vehicles in weapons systems
In the changed conditions in the XXI century forms and methods of warfare, the development of technical means of warfare there is a need to create the most unified interconnected ground combat platforms, allowing to provide qualitative superiority over the competition.
As a result of the joint work of the Ministry of Defence, industry, research organizations developed the concept of armored vehicles (armored vehicles), approved by the Minister of Defence.
The concept set forth a clear understanding of the role and place of armored vehicles on the battlefield of today, and it solved in the long term problems. On a sound scientific and practical basis formulated the concept of building a unified system of armored vehicles and military vehicles (BAT) of the Armed Forces, with the definition of requirements for the nomenclature of families and types of equipment, their combat and operational parameters.
The system of armored vehicles and BAT relies on a single unified platform, class is determined by their weight: heavy, medium and light. A single, unified platform offers maximum unification of the chassis, modules, assemblies, nodes, interfaces within the same category of family cars. Moreover, unification is provided and between families of different categories. Such unification logically led to the need for a single platform, built on the principle of “digital electronic board with an open architecture.”
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Armored personnel carriers on the basis of a unified platform wheel “Boomerang”.
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For the first time in the history of the domestic tank production of the Russian Federation Ministry of Defense in cooperation with the industry in 2010-2011. simultaneously launched development activities (R & D) in key areas of armored vehicles to meet new requirements: a unified platform Tracked severe category of “Armata” unified Undercarriage middle category “Kurganets-25”, unified wheeled platform “Boomerang”, unified platform for action Arctic region “Arctic”.
This completely new, realized the world’s first family of machines is within a unified platform tracked severe category “Armata”. In the first phase development of the Defense Ministry ordered three samples: the main tank, a heavy infantry fighting vehicles, armored recovery vehicle (ARV). Creates family car “Armata” Ural Design Bureau of Transport Machinery (UKBTM), Chief Designer – Andrey Leonidovich Terlikov.
In the future, unified platform “Armata” possible development of command and staff vehicle tactical, engineering machinery series of front edge (obstacle clearing engineer vehicle, launched bridge, a minelayer, armored demining machine), an anti-missile system, other systems for installation of armament, combat, technical and logistic support.
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BMP-based unified Undercarriage middle category “Kurganets-25.”
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Of particular interest to the Russian Defense Ministry is a pair of “main tank – a heavy infantry fighting vehicles.” Presence in the order of battle of this technique allows to implement new tactics to meet the most modern techniques of warfare. In particular, the occurrence of heavy infantry fighting vehicles capable of operating in a single armored battle array along with tanks, suppress and arbitrarily break through a strong defense, antitank means.
Heavy BMP par with tanks able to overcome areas of concentrated artillery fire and barrage the enemy with the minimum costs.They can operate at a minimum distance from the first line of attack artillery support and even “under the umbrella” breaks their shells. This greatly reduces the possibility of the enemy to counter the attacking troops with new machines. Dismounting infantry, thus ensuring a minimum distance from the defending enemy, almost on his head, as opposed to BMP with easy booking for which the line dismounting actually coincides with the transition to the attack abroad.
The main tank and heavy infantry fighting vehicles have a high tactical maneuverability on the battlefield, because such opportunities are determined not only and not so much the technical parameters of mobility as the ability to act under fire, to overcome natural and artificial obstacles, direct fire to suppress the enemy firepower.
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Heavy infantry fighting vehicles on the platform “Armata”.
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The appearance of the main tank and heavy infantry fighting vehicles on a unified platform allows you to practice to realize the concept of “heavy” teams, organizational and staff structure that is designed for action against technologically advanced enemy, having a high intensity combat formations antitank weapons, armored vehicles and artillery.
However, the use of “heavy” compounds against illegal armed groups equipped with wearable antitank weapons (TCP), to minimize the use of infantry in dangerous places, realizing remote fire destruction under the guise of a powerful armor and active protection.
Thus, the front edge of the complex machinery of the family “Armata” is a universal means to effectively combat missions in conflicts of all types and sizes while maintaining people’s lives.
FEATURES The layout and design of the T-14 (object 148)
For the first time in the world in the tank T-14 realized a revolutionary layout, aimed at maximizing the security of the crew. For this crew compartment, located in front of the machine body, performed separately from the crew compartment with arms and ammunition. Thus, the crew placed in the cubicle, a kind of “capsule” where possible and to minimize the impact on him of fires and explosions of fuel and ammunition in case of penetration of armor or combat engine compartment. “Capsule” is also the most secure structure designed to cope with anti-tank mine and explosive means. To ensure the highest level of protection used for new solutions in the field of ballistic, dynamic, active protection.
At the same time in the crew compartment provides exceptional comfort for the crew of ergonomics. Along with automation it will significantly reduce the physical and physiological load tankers, increase the effectiveness and duration of action in everyday use and in a combat situation.
It is no secret that the effectiveness of tanks and other armored vehicles is largely determined by the qualifications, experience, physical and psycho-physiological state of the crews. Many experts believe that on the battlefield to the success of technical and human factors about equal. It is understood that in the case of actions on the tanks “Armata” Russian tankers will benefit on two parameters at least: the maximum confidence in their security and the possibility of accumulation of invaluable combat experience.
In the fighting compartment of the tank taken main and auxiliary arms (the tower in the desert) with fire control system, automatic loader (the housing) with ammunition to the main armament.
In the engine-transmission compartment housed the power plant, transmission, fuel supplies and other operating materials.
Chassis tank includes caterpillar mover with rear wheel drive, front guide wheel, seven road wheels and three support rollers on board.
One of the key features in the design of the tank “Armata” and the family as a whole is first implemented in the practice of world tank building architecture “digital electronic board.” The key here is the principle setetsentrizma and open architecture. Its meaning lies in the fact that the main element of the electronic board performs a digital information exchange network, which covers all units, components, systems and subsystems. The network provides a standard interface to connect to her subscribers. Subscribers are electronic components (microcontroller and microprocessor-based electronic control systems) included (embedded) into functional components, assemblies, systems and subsystems. It is crucial that the operation of the digital network in real time the information is given to all sensors in the network there are commands for all drives and actuators, as well as information on the status of all controls. In other words, the network has in digital form all the necessary monitoring and control tank.
As a result, on-board digital network forms a common information space that brings together the various subsystems of the sample and ensures the implementation of a large number of interrelated and interdependent functions, including running simultaneously.Thus, a single integrated machine control system as a whole: an integrated on-board information and control system (CICS).
The principles of standardization and interoperability of functional division (compatibility) components CICS provide multilevel hierarchical structuring functions and means that each subsystem – the subscriber digital network – must have not only a standard digital interface at the physical level, but also a clear standardized protocol commands and data.
A direct consequence of the principle of interoperability is the ability to change combat and functional modules for samples of armored vehicles based on standardized interspecific platforms.
Multifunctional controls and displays for the crew members provide human-machine interface. Many diverse controls and display characteristic of the previous generation of armored vehicles, replace the multifunction flexibly programmable monitors. It is possible to solve the problem of centralized remote control a large number of heterogeneous systems, systems and devices by a single operator (crew member), simplify the information and control field, increased ergonomics jobs tankers.
The open architecture of the digital electronic board allows painless and cost-effectively upgrade individual components and systems platform “Armata” as they become more sophisticated products.
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Layout : crew compartment at the front of the housing, uninhabited combat compartment and the tower. Digital electronic board with an open architecture.
Crew : 3 people.
Command control : digital communication system, software and hardware unified management of tactical level.
The main armament : a 125-mm gun – launcher 2A82. Smoothbore gun of high power with avtoskreplennym and partly chrome barrel 2A82 is a new development, only superficially similar to the 125-mm tank gun of the previous generation. The achieved level of energy performance and power 2A82 cannon shots of the new ammunition provide a significant advantage over serial and foreign counterparts.
As additional weapons used remote-controlled machine-gun installation T05BV UDP-1 modular design, equipped with a 7.62-mm machine gun PKTM (6P7K).
The fire control system : vsesutochny commander’s panoramic sight, multi vsesutochny sight-guidance device gunner, automatic target lock, fully digital ballistic path sensors terms of shooting and ballistic computer.
Powerplant : multifuel 12-cylinder diesel engine with up to 1500 hp
Transmission : a robotic gear shift, reverse, hydrostatic transmission in the drive rotation disc brakes in the final drives.
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A COMPLEX APPROACH
State armaments program for the period up to 2020 provides for delivery to the army in 2300 units of modern tanks. This will equip a new generation of tanks all connections of constant readiness.
At a meeting in Sochi May 13, 2015, on the development of the Armed Forces, Russian President Vladimir Putin said: “Another issue – the creation of new and modernization of existing weapons and equipment of the Land Forces. Some of this technology was first shown at the parade in honor of the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War. The performance characteristics of this new technique significantly superior to their foreign counterparts, and overall it deserves a fairly high ratings military experts. It is necessary as soon as possible to complete all tests and move to mass production. “
It is important that Manning of new technology, at least in positions that determine the combat capability, contract servicemen.Armour has become much more complicated device. The study of its components, assemblies, systems, electronic equipment requires significant expertise and special training. At the same time to make full use of all the possibilities of the family cars “Armata” requires an understanding not only of technology itself, but also the tactics of its application. For the full mastery of “Armata” requires at least one, and preferably two half-yearly cycle of combat training that can only be realized with the personnel crew.
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The appearance of the Armed Forces of the tank and heavy infantry fighting vehicles on a unified platform will enable to realize in practice the concept of “heavy” brigades.
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For trained personnel “Armata” provides the possibility of implementing a far greater volume of tactics. For example – an opportunity to massive defeats the purpose of a car due to the high probability of hitting the target with the first shot, the use of automatic maintenance mode, select the type of shots, etc., including those on the go. But it requires a good understanding of how the situation and the possibilities of the machine and its weapons-established skills with the equipment, working closely with other members of the crew and complete interchangeability within the crew, which implies a very high qualification.
Taking into account the lessons of the past, including the initial period of the Great Patriotic War, and re-tanks on the new generation of the Soviet Army in the 1970s, it is necessary to fully ensure an integrated approach to the delivery and development of tanks and other armored vehicles in the army.
This implies anticipatory development and delivery to the army technical training of the new generation simulators, interactive learning tools, training and operating models and other modern equipment.
At least simultaneously with armored vehicles have delivered Complete diagnostics, maintenance and repair, the whole “tail” of machines for technical and logistical support.
Do not forget about the timely delivery of ammunition, including training, preparing storage sites and repair of equipment.
It must be time to attend driving courses refinement of combat vehicles, shooting techniques for tactical exercises and other normative documents on the training of crews and units. You may need to clarify certain provisions of the Charter of combat.
Only a large-scale comprehensive approach to the implementation of a new generation of armored vehicles to the troops will enable efficiently and painlessly move to the new look of the arms. And thus fully justify substantial funds allocated to the country of the establishment of modern, combat-capable armed forces is guaranteed to ensure the military security of Russia.
Tank Nut Stan 